Table 3 Factors associated with persistently reduced quality of life* in treated coeliac disease patients
Variable | n | Reduced, % | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 144 | 24 | 1.00 | ||
Female | 452 | 25 | 1.07 | 0.69-1.67 | 0.777 | |
Present age, years | < 25 | 12 | 10 | 1.00 | ||
25-60 | 380 | 26 | 3.21 | 0.40-25.66 | 0.272 | |
> 60 | 204 | 21 | 2.40 | 0.30-19.51 | 0.413 | |
Age at diagnosis, years | < 25 | 79 | 25 | 1.00 | ||
25-60 | 457 | 25 | 0.97 | 0.56-1.68 | 0.911 | |
> 60 | 60 | 22 | 0.82 | 0.37-1.81 | 0.617 | |
Symptoms at diagnosis | Gastrointestinal | 410 | 26 | 1.00 | ||
Extraintestinal | 95 | 19 | 0.65 | 0.37-1.14 | 0.136 | |
Screen-detected | 91 | 22 | 0.79 | 0.46-1.36 | 0.389 | |
Duration of symptoms before diagnosis, years | No symptoms | 37 | 8 | 1.00 | ||
≤ 10 | 350 | 24 | 3.58 | 1.07-11.95 | 0.038 | |
> 10 | 182 | 28 | 4.41 | 1.30-15.01 | 0.017 | |
Severity of symptoms at diagnosis | No symptoms | 62 | 18 | 1.00 | ||
Moderate | 457 | 26 | 1.61 | 0.81-3.20 | 0.170 | |
Severe | 77 | 22 | 1.31 | 0.56-3.06 | 0.527 | |
Site of diagnosis | Hospital | 446 | 25 | 1.00 | ||
Primary care | 149 | 24 | 0.97 | 0.63-1.50 | 0.902 | |
Coeliac disease in family | Yes | 372 | 25 | 1.00 | ||
No | 224 | 24 | 0.97 | 0.66-1.42 | 0.864 | |
Type 1 diabetes mellitus | No | 582 | 25 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 14 | 21 | 0.84 | 0.23-3.04 | 0.785 | |
Thyroid disease | No | 489 | 24 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 107 | 25 | 1.05 | 0.65-1.70 | 0.845 | |
Malignancy | No | 565 | 25 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 31 | 13 | 0.44 | 0.15-1.28 | 0.132 | |
Psychiatric disease | No | 578 | 23 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 18 | 67 | 6.63 | 2.44-17.99 | <0.001 | |
Neurologic disease | No | 520 | 23 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 76 | 33 | 1.62 | 0.96-2.72 | 0.070 | |
Other food intolerance | No | 470 | 24 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 126 | 28 | 1.24 | 0.80-1.94 | 0.335 | |
Other gastrointestinal disease | No | 388 | 23 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 208 | 32 | 1.56 | 1.00-2.45 | 0.052 | |
Any coeliac disease-related co-morbidity | No | 72 | 26 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 523 | 24 | 0.89 | 0.51-1.56 | 0.691 | |
Strict gluten-free diet | Yes | 523 | 24 | 1.00 | ||
No | 73 | 27 | 1.19 | 0.69-2.07 | 0.539 | |
Consumption of oats | No | 105 | 22 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 487 | 25 | 1.19 | 0.72-1.98 | 0.497 | |
Duration of diet, years | > 10 | 270 | 23 | 1.00 | ||
5-10 | 195 | 23 | 0.96 | 0.61-1.52 | 0.875 | |
<5 | 131 | 29 | 1.35 | 0.84-2.18 | 0.221 | |
Professional dietary advice | Yes | 484 | 24 | 1.00 | ||
No | 112 | 28 | 1.23 | 0.77-1.95 | 0.385 | |
Regular follow-up | Yes | 166 | 24 | 1.00 | ||
No | 412 | 24 | 1.00 | 0.65-1.52 | 0.986 |