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Table 3 Comparison of EGF genotype frequencies in HCC patients with control subjects among non-Asians in Los Angeles, California, and Chinese in southern Guangxi, China

From: Genetic polymorphisms of epidermal growth factor in relation to risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: two case-control studies

Subgroup

EGF 61A > G

Non-Asians in Los Angeles

Chinese in southern Guangxi

Ca/Co*

OR (95% CI)†

OR (95% CI)‡

Ca/Co*

OR (95% CI)†

OR (95% CI)‡

All subjects

A/A

28/60

1.00

1.00

126/118

1.00

1.00

A/G

61/102

1.61 (0.89–2.90)

2.04 (1.03–4.07)

99/107

0.87 (0.60–1.26)

0.69 (0.41–1.18)

G/G

28/63

1.34 (0.68–2.64)

1.39 (0.64–3.01)

25/20

1.17 (0.62–2.22)

0.97 (0.38–2.46)

A/G + G/G

89/165

1.52 (0.87–2.65)

1.78 (0.93–3.38)

124/127

0.91 (0.64–1.30)

0.73 (0.44–1.21)

Seronegative for all viral hepatitis markers

A/A

12/52

1.00

1.00

26/101

1.00

1.00

A/G + G/G

42/146

1.65 (0.76–3.55)

1.95 (0.86–4.41)

19/109

0.65 (0.33–1.27)

0.61 (0.30–1.23)

Seropositive for any viral hepatitis markers§

A/A

16/8

1.00

1.00

100/17

1.00

1.00

A/G + G/G

47/19

1.43 (0.50–4.07)

1.62 (0.50–5.27)

105/18

0.91 (0.44–1.88)

0.88 (0.41–1.87)

Non-drinkers or <3 drinks of alcoholic beverages per day

A/A

16/45

1.00

1.00

114/115

1.00

1.00

A/G + G/G

47/139

1.12 (0.56–2.23)

1.60 (0.72–3.52)

104/121

0.86 (0.60–1.25)

0.75 (0.45–1.26)

3+ drinks of alcoholic beverages per day

A/A

12/15

1.00

1.00

12/3

1.00

1.00

A/G + G/G

42/26

4.34 (1.37–13.74)

3.44 (0.93–12.76)

20/6

0.74 (0.12–4.70)

0.32 (0.02–4.83)

Non-smokers or long-term ex-smokers

A/A

17/40

1.00

1.00

71/78

1.00

1.00

A/G + G/G

53/122

1.55 (0.75–3.21)

1.86 (0.83–4.18)

70/83

0.92 (0.58–1.45)

0.83 (0.44–1.57)

Current smokers or recent ex-smokers

A/A

11/20

1.00

1.00

55/40

1.00

1.00

A/G + G/G

36/43

1.59 (0.63–3.99)

1.52 (0.50–4.63)

54/44

0.87 (0.49–1.54)

0.51 (0.21–1.23)

  1. * Number of cases/number of controls.
  2. † Adjusted for age, sex, and race; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
  3. ‡ Further adjusted for level of education, smoking (non-smokers or long-term ex-smokers, current smokers or recent ex-smokers with <20 cigarettes/day, current smokers or recent ex-smokers with 20+ cigarettes/day), alcohol consumption (non-drinkers, <7, 7–14, 14–21, and 21+ drinks/day), and serology of hepatitis B and C virus. In subgroup analyses, the stratifying variable was not input as a covariate.
  4. § Positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, or antibodies to hepatitis C virus.
  5. ¶ Subjects who quit smoking 10 or more years ago were long-term ex-smokers whereas those who quit smoking less than 10 years ago were recent ex-smokers.