| |
Non-Asians in Los Angeles, California
|
Chinese in southern Guangxi, China
|
|---|
|
Demographics
|
HCC patients (n = 117)
|
Control subjects (n = 225)
|
HCC patients (n = 250)
|
Control subjects (n = 245)
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
60.4
|
59.3
|
49.3
|
49.5
|
|
2-sided P
|
0.37
|
0.87
|
|
Sex (%)
| | | | |
|
Males
|
80 (68.4)
|
136 (60.4)
|
220 (88.0)
|
216 (88.2)
|
|
Females
|
37 (31.6)
|
89 (39.6)
|
30 (12.0)
|
29 (11.8)
|
|
2-sided P
|
0.15
|
0.96
|
|
Race/ethnicity (%)
| | | | |
|
Non-Hispanic white Americans
|
69 (59.0)
|
179 (79.6)
|
…
|
…
|
|
Hispanic Americans
|
39 (33.3)
|
34 (15.1)
|
…
|
…
|
|
African Americans
|
9 (7.7)
|
12 (5.3)
|
…
|
…
|
|
Chinese – Han ethnicity
|
…
|
…
|
198 (79.2)
|
196 (80.0)
|
|
Chinese – Zhuang/Yao ethnicity
|
…
|
…
|
52 (20.8)
|
49 (20.0)
|
|
2-sided P
|
0.0002
|
0.83
|
|
Level of education (%)
| | | | |
|
Below high school
|
22 (18.8)
|
17 (7.6)
|
115 (46.0)
|
102 (41.6)
|
|
High School graduates
|
32 (27.3)
|
51 (22.7)
|
79 (31.6)
|
87 (35.5)
|
|
Some college/occupational school
|
40 (34.2)
|
75 (33.3)
|
39 (15.6)
|
33 (13.5)
|
|
College graduates or above
|
23 (19.7)
|
82 (36.4)
|
17 (6.8)
|
23 (9.4)
|
|
2-sided P
|
0.001
|
0.47
|
|
Cigarette smoking
| | | | |
|
Non- or long ex-smokers
|
70 (59.8)
|
162 (72.0)
|
141 (56.4)
|
161 (65.7)
|
|
Current or recent ex-smokers
|
47 (40.2)
|
63 (28.0)
|
109 (43.6)
|
84 (34.3)
|
|
<20 cigarettes/day
|
14 (12.0)
|
26 (11.6)
|
33 (13.2)
|
28 (11.4)
|
|
≥20 cigarettes/day
|
33 (28.2)
|
37 (16.4)
|
76 (30.4)
|
56 (22.9)
|
|
2-sided
|
0.03
|
0.09
|
|
No. alcoholic drinks/day
| | | | |
|
Nondrinkers
|
35 (29.9)
|
74 (32.9)
|
158 (63.2)
|
205 (83.7)
|
|
<3
|
28 (23.9)
|
110 (48.9)
|
60 (24.0)
|
31 (12.7)
|
|
≥3
|
54 (46.2)
|
41 (18.2)
|
32 (12.8)
|
9 (3.7)
|
|
2-sided P
|
<0.0001
|
<0.0001
|
|
Hepatitis B serology
| | | | |
|
Negative
|
84 (71.8)
|
198 (88.0)
|
45 (18.0)
|
212 (86.5)
|
|
Anti-HBc positive only
|
30 (25.6)
|
27 (12.0)
|
…
|
…
|
|
HBsAg positive
|
3 (2.6)
|
0
|
205 (82.0)
|
33 (13.5)
|
|
2-sided P
|
0.0002
|
<0.0001
|
|
Hepatitis C serology
| | | | |
|
Anti-HCV negative
|
59 (50.4)
|
224 (99.6)
|
241 (96.4)
|
242 (98.8)
|
|
Anti-HCV positive
|
58 (49.6)
|
1 (0.4)
|
9 (3.6)
|
3 (1.2)
|
|
2-sided P
|
<0.0001
|
0.09
|
|
Hepatitis B/C serology
| | | | |
|
Both negative
|
54 (46.2)
|
198 (88.0)
|
45 (18.0)
|
210 (85.7)
|
|
Either positive†
|
63 (53.9)
|
27 (12.0)
|
205 (82.0)
|
35 (14.3)
|
|
2-sided P
|
<0.0001
|
<0.0001
|
- * Anti-HBC, antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; anti-HCV, antibodies to hepatitis C virus.
- † Positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, antibodies to the hepatitis B surface antigen (for Los Angeles subjects only), or antibodies to hepatitis C virus.
