Skip to main content

Table 1 Demographic characteristics and risk assessment of the study population

From: Risk factors for second primary neoplasia of esophagus in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients: a case–control study

 

Presence of esophageal neoplasia*(n=30) No. of patients (%)

Absence of esophageal neoplasia*(n=99) No. of patients (%)

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Age (years, mean±SD)

58.76 ± 9.20

55.63 ± 9.99

1.03 (0.99-1.08)

0.130

 <45

1 (3.3)

12 (12.1)

referent

 

 45~54

10 (33.3)

40 (40.4)

3.00 (0.34-26.82)

 ≧55

19 (63.3)

47 (47.5)

4.85 (0.56-41.94)

0.077

Sex

    

 Female

2 (6.7)

5 (5.1)

referent

 

 Male

28 (93.3)

94 (94.9)

0.74 (0.14-4.05)

0.733

BMI (kg/m2, mean±SD)

21.64 ± 3.37

24.30 ± 4.85

0.86 (0.77-0.96)+

0.008

Location of H&N cancer

    

 Oral cavity

8 (26.7)

55 (55.6)

Referent

 

 Oropharynx

6 (20)

16 (16.2)

1.50 (0.34-6.59)

0.591

 Hypopharynx

12 (40)

20 (20.2)

4.52 (1.46-13.99)

0.009

 Larynx

4 (13.3)

4 (4.0)

5.70 (1.08-29.99)

0.040

 Nasopharynx

0

4 (4.0)

NA

NA

Stage of H&N cancer

    

 I

4 (13.3)

19 (19.2)

Referent

 

 II

4 (13.3)

14 (14.1)

 III

4 (13.3)

12 (12.1)

2.30 (0.98-5.42)

0.056

 IV

18 (60.0)

51 (51.5)

Alcohol drinking

    

 Non-drinker

3 (10)

32 (32.3)

Referent

 

 Drinker

27 (90)

67 (67.7)

4.10 (1.16-14.56)

0.029

 Light to moderate

2 (6.7)

10 (10.1)

2.13 (0.30-15.12)

 

 Heavy

25 (83.3)

57 (57.6)

4.68 (1.26-17.44)

0.009

Betel quid chewing

    

 Non-chewer

17 (56.7)

33 (33.3)

Referent

 

 Chewer

13 (43.3)

66 (66.7)

0.37 (0.16-0.84)

0.018

 Light to moderate

4 (13.3)

31 (31.3)

0.25 (0.07-0.87)

 

 Heavy

9 (30.0)

35 (35.4)

0.50 (0.19-1.30)

0.108

Cigarettes smoking

    

 Non-smoker

3 (10)

18 (18.2)

Referent

 

 Smoker

27 (90)

81 (81.8)

1.87 (0.51-6.86)

0.348

 Light to moderate

21 (70)

60 (60.6)

2.10 (0.55-7.97)

0.528

 Heavy

6 (20)

21 (21.2)

1.71 (0.37-8.05)

 

Number of exposure

    

 None

1

7

Referent

 

 1

1

10

0.70 (0.03-14.35)

 2

18

42

3.00 (0.33-27.09)

 3

10

40

1.75 (0.19-16.29)

0.680

  1. Abbreviation: BMI body mass index, H&N head and neck, NA not applicable, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.
  2. *Including low-grade, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma; + Risk assessment every 1-kg/m2 increment.
  3. Note that the lifestyle risk factors were recorded according to the frequencies (alcohol on a weekly basis where one time indicates at least 15.75 gm of ethanol: 0, never; 1, once; 2, once to twice; 3, 3–4 times; and 4, ≥5 times; betel quid on a piece per day basis: 0, never; 1, <1 piece; 2, 1–10 pieces; 3, 11–20 pieces; and 4, >20 pieces; cigarettes on a pack per day basis: 0, never; 1, <0.5 pack; 2, 0.5–1 pack; 3, 1–2 packs; and 4, >2 packs) and duration (0, never; 1, <1 year; 2, 1–10 years; 3, 11–20 years; and 4, >20 years). The cumulative lifetime exposure was calculated by multiplying the frequency and duration, and further categorized into these three levels: level 1, never (0); level 2, light to moderate (1–11); and level 3, heavy (≥12).
Back to article page

BMC Gastroenterology

ISSN: 1471-230X

Contact us