Table 5 Multivariate multilevel logistic regression analysis of predicting factors for conventional deep biliary cannulation success rate

Case-specific

  Trainee involvement

<0.0001

  0%

Reference

  1-50%

0.53 (0.44-0.65)

  51-99%

1.58 (1.21-2.06)

  100%

11.96 (6.59-21.71)

  ERCP difficulty

<0.0001

  1

Reference

  2

1.03 (0.88-1.20)

  3

0.59 (0.48-0.72)

  ASA grade

0.03

  I

Reference

  II

0.81 (0.67-0.97)

  III-V

0.77 (0.63-0.94)

  Sedation level

0.11

  Deep (with propofol)/General

Reference

  Moderate/conscious

0.84 (0.68-1.04)

  Patient status at time of ERCP

0.01

  Inpatient

Reference

  Outpatient

1.21 (1.05-1.38)

  Indications

<0.0001

  Suspected or known stone

Reference

  Obstructive Jaundice

0.51 (0.44-0.60)

  Chronic pain

1.16 (0.89-1.50)

  Abnormal liver tests

0.80 (0.63-1.02)

  Chronic pancreatitis

0.93 (0.72-1.22)

  Biliary post-surgical problem

0.51 (0.39-0.67)

  Clarify biliary image findings

0.77 (0.55-1.10)

  Pancreatitis (acute, active)

0.67 (0.49-0.92)

  Tumor ablation

2.15 (0.96-4.81)

Endoscopist-specific

  Country setting

0.22

  US

Reference

  Other

0.77 (0.46-1.30)

  UK

0.73 (0.49-1.09)