Table 3 Results of oesophageal testing

Upper GI endoscopy

Hiatal hernia (n [%])

39 [60.0]

118 [90.8]

0.49 (0.23;0.98)

<0.001

Oesophagitis (n [%])

30 [46.2]

43 [33.1]

1.86 (1.01;3.43)

n.s.

Barrett metaplasia (n [%])

11 [16.9]

35 [26.9]

0.58 (0.27;123)

n.s.

Histology

Esophagitis (n [%])

38 [58.5]

73 [56.2]

1.32 (0.73;2.42)

n.s.

Barrett metaplasia (n [%])

14 [21.5]

23 [17.7]

1.42 (0.67;3.02)

n.s.

Low-grade dysplasia (n [%])

7 [10.8]

5 [3.8]

3.80 (1.07;13.51)

n.s.

High-grade dysplasia (n [%])

1 [1.5]

0 [0]

3.28*e⁹ (0;inf)

n.s.

Helicobacter pylori (n [%])

17 [26.2]

10 [7.7]

4.72 (1.97;11.32)

0.001

Manometry

LES pressure (mm Hg, median [IQR])

10.0 [6.1;15.0] ^#

7.2 [3.7;11.7]

1.06 (1.01;1.12)

0.016

Absent or decreased peristalsis (n [%])

16 [27.6] ^#

23 [17.8] ⁺

1.76 (0.85;3.65)

n.s.

Twenty-four-hour oesophageal pH-monitoring

DeMeester score (median [IQR])

24.6 [12.1;45.2]

29.7 [21.0;44.6]

0.99 (0.79;1.01)

n.s.

Total relax. time (%, median [IQR])

6.7 [4.0;11.5]

6.9 [4.6;12.5]

0.99 (0.67;1.47)

n.s.

Upright relax. time (%, median [IQR])

7.2 [4.1;13.2]

8.3 [4.7;14.0]

0.99 (0.96;1.03)

n.s.

Lying relax. time (%, median [IQR])

3.1 [0.0;12.8]

3.4 [0.6;8.6]

1.01 (0.97;1.04)

n.s.

Barium esophagogram

Hiatal hernia (n [%])

32 [49.2]

92 [70.8]

0.52 (0.28;0.96)

0.035

Reflux (n [%])

28 [43.1]

68 [52.3]

0.81 (0.44;1.42)

n.s.