Table 3 Odds ratios for prior antibiotic a use in individuals with coeliac disease
From: Antibiotic exposure and the development of coeliac disease: a nationwide case–control study
Coeliac disease | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | Controls | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |
n = 2,933 (%) | n = 14,571 (%) | |||
Type of antibiotics used b | ||||
Penicillin V | 291 (9.9) | 1308 (9.0) | 1.12 | 0.98 – 1.27 |
Extended spectrum penicillins | 183 (6.2) | 657 (4.5) | 1.38 | 1.18 – 1.63 |
Quinolones | 51 (1.7) | 170 (1.2) | 1.46 | 1.08 – 1.97 |
Macrolides | 53 (1.8) | 180 (1.2) | 1.44 | 1.07 – 1.93 |
Other systemic antibiotics | 291 (9.9) | 1041 (7.1) | 1.42 | 1.24 – 1.62 |
Antibiotic use in the last year preceding diagnosis/study entry | ||||
Any antibiotic | 722 (24.6) | 2730 (18.7) | 1.42 | 1.29 - 1.56 |
Penicillin V | 259 (8.8) | 1162 (8.0) | 1.12 | 0.97 - 1.28 |
Extended spectrum penicillins | 166 (5.7) | 559 (3.8) | 1.46 | 1.23 - 1.74 |
Quinolones | 45 (1.5) | 153 (1.1) | 1.43 | 1.04 - 1.98 |
Macrolides | 48 (1.6) | 150 (1.0) | 1.55 | 1.13 - 2.11 |
Other systemic antibiotics | 206 (8.9) | 905 (6.2) | 1.47 | 1.26 - 1.66 |