Table 3 Risk factors for H. pylori seropositivity in asymptomatic subjects without a history of H. pylori eradication and gastric operation (Multivariable logistic regression)

Total

10,796

5,882

54.5

Sex

Male

6,085

3,472

57.1

Ref

Female

4,711

2,410

51.2

0.79

0.71

0.87

Age (years)

16-19

17

2

11.8

0.55

0.11

2.68

20-29

421

111

26.4

Ref

30-39

1,659

698

42.1

1.55

1.18

2.04

40-49

2,913

1,531

52.6

2.39

1.83

3.11

50-59

3,403

2,088

61.4

3.52

2.70

4.60

60-69

1,840

1,134

61.6

3.57

2.70

4.71

≥70

543

318

58.6

3.11

2.24

4.31

Geographic area

Seoul

5,829

2,917

50.0

Ref

Gyeonggi

1,683

898

53.4

1.07

0.95

1.21

Chungcheong

536

297

55.4

1.29

1.05

1.58

Kyungsang

914

595

65.1

1.29

1.06

1.57

Cholla

1,194

790

66.2

1.66

1.41

1.96

Kangwon

331

200

60.4

1.19

0.92

1.54

Jeju

299

176

58.9

1.36

1.05

1.77

Household Income*

Low

1,247

785

63.0

1.21

1.00

1.45

Medium

6,197

3,416

55.1

1.07

0.96

1.19

High

2,005

1,042

52.0

Ref

Education**

Low

984

629

63.9

1.01

0.84

1.23

Medium

1,981

1,165

58.8

1.13

1.00

1.28

High

7,223

3,779

52.3

Ref

Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

<18.5

412

180

43.7

1.03

0.81

1.31

18.5 - <23.0

4,237

2,224

52.5

Ref

23.0 - <25.0

2,759

1,565

56.7

0.98

0.88

1.10

≥25

3,249

1,830

56.3

0.95

0.84

1.06

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

<240

9,228

4,882

52.9

Ref

≥240

1,013

624

61.6

1.33

1.14

1.54

Triglyceride (mg/dl)

<150

8,118

4,316

53.2

Ref

≥150

2,102

1,179

56.1

0.98

0.87

1.10

Glucose (mg/dl)

<100

7,206

3,786

52.5

Ref

100 − <126

2,459

1,378

56.0

0.93

0.84

1.04

≥126

555

328

59.1

0.98

0.80

1.19

Family history of gastric cancer

No

9,473

5,152

54.4

Ref

Yes

1,270

700

55.1

0.96

0.84

1.09