Table 5 The effects of smoking on the liver function tests by multivariable analyses a
n | Total cholesterol, g/dL | Total protein, g/dL | Albumin, g/dL | Alkaline phosphatase, IU/L | AST, IU/L | ALT, IU/L | Ln(GGT) | Total bilirubin, mg/dL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1) History of smoking | |||||||||
None smoker | 262 | 199.3 (192.1, 206.6) | 7.25 (7.18, 7.33) | 4.52 (4.47, 4.56) | 65.2 (61.4, 69.0) | 24.1 (21.7, 26.5) | 26.0 (22.6, 29.5) | 3.35 (3.23, 3.48) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) |
Past smoker, quitted | 111 | 196.0 (186.6, 205.4) | 7.17 (7.07, 7.27) | 4.47 (4.41, 4.53) | 63.3 (58.4, 68.2) | 28.7 (25.6, 31.8) * | 31.4 (27.0, 35.9) * | 3.50 (3.35, 3.66) | 1.15 (1.05, 1.26) |
Current smoker | 119 | 200.6 (191.4, 209.9) | 7.02 (6.92, 7.11) * | 4.41 (4.35, 4.46) * | 69.8 (65.0, 74.6) | 27.9 (24.9, 30.9) * | 30.0 (35.6, 34.4) | 3.58 (3.43, 3.73) * | 1.02 (0.91, 1.12) |
p for trend | 492 | 0.672 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.04 | 0.074 | 0.213 | 0.014 | 0.185 |
2) Daily amount of smoking (pack/day) | |||||||||
No | 262 | 198.7 (191.3, 206.0) | 7.26 (7.19, 7.34) | 4.53 (4.48, 4.57) | 64.9 (61.1, 68.7) | 24.0 (21.6, 26.6) | 26.0 (22.4, 29.5) | 3.34 (3.22, 3.46) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.16) |
<0.5 | 76 | 197.8 (187.8, 207.8) | 7.11 (7.00, 7.21) * | 4.46 (4.40, 4.53) | 65.0 (59.8, 70.3) | 29.6 (26.3, 33.0) * | 31.7 (26.9, 36.6) * | 3.53 (3.36, 3.69) | 1.11 (1.00, 1.22) |
0.5-1 | 96 | 196.9 (186.9, 206.9) | 7.06 (6.95, 7.17) * | 4.42 (4.35, 4.48) * | 69.1 (63.9, 74.3) | 27.7 (24.3, 31.0) | 31.3 (26.4, 36.1) | 3.55 (3.39, 3.72) * | 1.06 (0.95, 1.18) |
> 1 | 39 | 197.5 (184.8, 210.1) | 7.05 (6.92, 7.18) * | 4.40 (4.32, 4.48) * | 64.8 (58.1, 71.4) | 27.1 (22.9, 31.3) | 28.6 (22.5, 34.8) | 3.64 (3.42, 3.85) * | 0.99 (0.85, 1.14) |
p for trend | 473 | 0.806 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.502 | 0.265 | 0.319 | 0.013 | 0.327 |
3) Lifetime amount of smoking (pack*year) | |||||||||
Never | 262 | 198.0 (190.5, 205.6) | 7.27 (7.19, 7.35) | 4.53 (4.48, 4.58) | 65.2 (61.2, 69.1) | 24.9 (22.7, 27.1) | 26.2 (22.7, 29.7) | 3.35 (3.22, 3.47) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.16) |
< 10 | 59 | 194.7 (183.9, 205.5) | 7.08 (6.96, 7.19) * | 4.44 (4.37, 4.51) * | 68.3 (62.7, 74.0) | 28.5 (25.4, 31.6) * | 30.7 (25.7, 35.7) | 3.52 (3.34, 3.70) | 1.10 (0.98, 1.22) |
10 - 20 | 57 | 199.7 (187.8, 211.6) | 7.08 (6.95, 7.21) * | 4.45 (4.37, 4.53) | 71.6 (65.4, 77.7) | 27.6 (24.2, 31.0) | 28.4 (22.8, 33.9) | 3.56 (3.36, 3.75) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.25) |
≥ 20 | 55 | 198.9 (187.2, 210.6) | 6.99 (6.97, 7.12) * | 4.38 (4.31, 3.36) * | 66.1 (60.0, 72.2) | 28.0 (24.7, 31.4) | 33.1 (27.7, 38.6) * | 3.59 (3.40, 3.78) * | 0.95 (0.82, 1.08) |
p for trend | 433 | 0.755 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.611 | 0.144 | 0.051 | 0.029 | 0.153 |