A gluten-free diet effectively reduces symptoms and health care consumption in a Swedish celiac disease population

Table 4 Proportion of immune-mediated diseases and time development in relation to celiac disease (CD) diagnosis

		All	Males	Females	p^a	Before	Jointly^b	After	n^c	p^d
Diabetes, insulin	n	39	24	15	0.19	53%	6%	41%	32	0.29
Diabetes, insulin	%	3.8	4.8	2.8	0.19	53%	6%	41%	32	0.29
Diabetes, non-insulin	n	24	17	7	0.04	20%	13%	67%	15	0.20
Diabetes, non-insulin	%	2.3	3.4	1.3	0.04	20%	13%	67%	15	0.20
Rheumatic disease	n	80	19	61	<0.01	42%	8%	50%	48	1.00
Rheumatic disease	%	7.8	3.8	11	<0.01	42%	8%	50%	48	1.00
Thyroid disease	n	94	19	75	<0.01	47%	15%	38%	68	0.05^e
Thyroid disease	%	9.1	3.8	14	<0.01	47%	15%	38%	68	0.05^e
Vitiligo	n	39	16	23	0.24	72%	11%	17%	18	<0.01
Vitiligo	%	3.8	3.2	4.3	0.24	72%	11%	17%	18	<0.01
Alopecia areata	n	19	11	8	0.52	62%	8%	31%	13	0.16
Alopecia areata	%	1.8	2.2	1.5	0.52	62%	8%	31%	13	0.16
Inflammatory bowel disease	n	44	17	27	0.09	31%	27%	42%	26	0.43
Inflammatory bowel disease	%	4.3	3.4	5.0	0.09	31%	27%	42%	26	0.43
Any immune-mediated disease ^e	n	256	170	86	<0.01	n/a^f	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Any immune-mediated disease ^e	%	25	32	17	<0.01	n/a^f	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

^a Comparing males with females using Students t-test.
^b CD associated immune-mediated disease reported for same year as CD diagnosis.
^c Specified year for both CD and other diagnosis.
^d Comparing proportion with auto-immune disease diagnosed before or jointly with CD with proportion after CD diagnosis.
^e Non-significant.
^f Not including non-insulin dependent diabetes.
^g Comparisons not applicable for “Any disease”.

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