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Table 2 Multinomial model odds ratios for the included demographic/medical history and symptom variables for each of the four outcomes compared to patients with no adenomas, advanced adenomas or cancers

From: The value of age and medical history for predicting colorectal cancer and adenomas in people referred for colonoscopy

    

Cancer

(n = 159)

Advanced Adenoma

(n = 468)

Adenoma

Size 6 - 9 mm

(n = 286)

Adenoma

Size ≤ 5 mm

(n = 507)

 
  

n

%

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

p-value

DEMOGRAPHIC/MEDICAL HISTORY

       

Age

< 50 years (Reference)

2211

27.0

     
 

50 - 59

2169

26.4

6.84 (3.33, 14.06) **

2.54 (1.82, 3.55) **

1.72 (1.15, 2.55)**

2.36 (1.70, 3.26)**

<.001

 

60 - 69

2032

24.8

13.84 (6.77, 28.29) **

3.47 (2.48, 4.87) **

1.79 (1.19, 2.70) **

2.74 (1.97, 3.82)**

 
 

70 or more

1792

21.8

23.54 (11.43, 48.45) **

5.27 (3.72, 7.47) **

2.99 (1.98, 4.52) **

3.60 (2.55, 5.07) **

 

Gender

Female (Reference)

4344

52.9

     
 

Male

3860

47.1

1.44 (1.02, 2.04)*

1.29 (1.05, 1.57)*

1.53 (1.19, 1.96)**

1.37 (1.13, 1.65)**

<.001

Colonoscopy

None in last 10 years (Reference)

3791

46.2

     
 

Previous (in last 10 years)

4413

53.8

0.22 (0.15, 0.34) **

0.42 (0.33, 0.53) **

0.71 (0.53, 0.95)*

0.87 (0.70, 1.09)

<.001

History of colorectal polyps

No (reference)

6436

78.4

     
 

Yes

1768

21.6

0.87 (0.47, 1.59)

1.99 (1.53, 2.58) **

1.89 (1.39, 2.56) **

1.79 (1.43, 2.25) **

<.001

Smoking Status

Non-smoker (Reference)

4710

57.4

     
 

4 or less pack years

1246

15.2

0.89 (0.52, 1.55)

0.95 (0.70, 1.30)

0.75 (0.51, 1.12)

0.89 (0.67, 1.19)

0.010

 

4 to 15.5 pack years

1188

14.5

1.49 (0.95, 2.33)

1.43 (1.09, 1.86) **

1.04 (0.74, 1.48)

0.95 (0.73, 1.25)

 
 

more than 15.5 pack years

1060

12.9

1.52 (0.98, 2.37)

1.53 (1.17, 2.00) **

1.40 (1.01, 1.93)*

1.11 (0.85, 1.45)

 

History of irritable bowel syndrome

No (Reference)

7240

88.2

     
 

Yes

964

11.8

0.45 (0.21, 0.99)*

0.45 (0.29, 0.70) **

0.98 (0.66, 1.45)

0.95 (0.71, 1.29)

0.001

History of NSAID use

No (Reference)

7445

90.7

     
 

Yes

759

9.3

0.33 (0.15, 0.72) **

0.42 (0.28, 0.65) **

0.80 (0.52, 1.22)

0.69 (0.49, 0.97)*

<.001

History of aspirin use

No (Reference)

6874

83.8

     
 

Yes

1330

16.2

0.54 (0.34, 0.85) **

0.79 (0.61, 1.02)

1.09 (0.81, 1.48)

0.94 (0.74, 1.20)

0.023

Education Level

Secondary or lower (Reference)

3721

45.4

     
 

Tertiary

4483

54.6

0.83 (0.59, 1.17)

0.81 (0.67, 0.99)*

1.03 (0.81, 1.33)

0.80 (0.66, 0.97)*

0.044

SYMPTOMS

        

Bleeding

No Symptom (Reference)

5181

63.2

     
 

no other info

64

0.8

2.35 (0.67, 8.18)

0.51 (0.12, 2.16)

1.52 (0.53, 4.31)

0.22 (0.03, 1.60)

<.001

 

present greater 12 months

1044

12.7

1.25 (0.68, 2.33)

1.39 (1.03, 1.88)*

0.67 (0.42, 1.05)

1.04 (0.77, 1.40)

 
 

Occurring monthly or occasionally;

and present less 12 months

1226

14.9

2.00 (1.26, 3.17) **

1.21 (0.92, 1.60)

1.08 (0.77, 1.52)

1.08 (0.83, 1.42)

 
 

weekly; present less 12 months

689

8.4

5.09 (3.26, 7.94) **

1.43 (1.00, 2.03)

0.80 (0.47, 1.36)

0.58 (0.36, 0.93)*

 

Mucus

No Symptom (Reference)

6886

83.9

     
 

no other info

131

1.6

0.43 (0.06, 3.24)

1.01 (0.43, 2.37)

0.27 (0.04, 1.96)

0.55 (0.20, 1.51)

0.001

 

present greater 12 months

466

5.7

1.10 (0.43, 2.79)

0.69 (0.39, 1.20)

0.69 (0.35, 1.37)

0.60 (0.36, 1.02)

 
 

Occurring monthly or occasionally;

and present less 12 months

393

4.8

1.37 (0.66, 2.84)

0.82 (0.48, 1.42)

1.71 (1.04, 2.82)*

0.99 (0.62, 1.60)

 
 

Weekly; present less 12 months

328

4.0

3.00 (1.71, 5.25) **

0.99 (0.57, 1.72)

0.46 (0.17, 1.26)

0.35 (0.14, 0.85)*

 

Anaemia

No (Reference)

7383

90.0

     
 

Yes

821

10.0

2.95 (1.96, 4.45) **

0.84 (0.59, 1.21)

0.55 (0.32, 0.94)*

0.76 (0.54, 1.09)

<.001

Fatigue

No (Reference)

4938

60.2

     
 

Yes

3266

39.8

1.36 (0.97, 1.91)

0.67 (0.54, 0.83) **

0.80 (0.62, 1.04)

0.90 (0.74, 1.10)

<.001

  1. Total number of patients 8204; number with no abnormality 6784.
  2. Key ORs in bold are statistically significant
  3. * p 0.01 - 0.05
  4. ** p < 0.01