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Table 3 Odds of UTIs and odds of pyelonephritis occurring at least one or at least five years before diagnosis stratified by age

From: An increased risk of urinary tract infection precedes development of primary biliary cirrhosis

  

Matched controls.

Chronic liver disease controls

Age groups

Case (%)

Control (%)

OR (CI)

Adjusted OR (CI)

Control (%)

OR (CI)

Adjusted OR (CI)

UTIs at least one year before diagnosis

< 55

68 (31.2)

433 (19.9)

1.98 (1.43-2.75)

1.97 (1.42-2.74)

865 (14.1)

2.76 (2.06-3.71)

1.24 (0.91-1.68)

> = 55

161 (27.7)

1304 (22.4)

1.36 (1.11-1.66)

1.34 (1.10-1.64)

1179 (19.6)

1.56 (1.29-1.90)

0.90 (0.74-1.10)

UTIs at least five years before diagnosis

< 55

53 (24.3)

280 (12.9)

2.39 (1.67-3.42)

2.39 (1.67-3.42)

526 (8.3)

3.43 (2.48-4.73)

1.61 (1.15-2.25)

> = 55

97 (16.7)

815 (14.02)

1.25 (0.98-1.60)

1.24 (0.97-1.58)

755 (12.6)

1.39 (1.10-1.75)

0.83 (0.65-1.05)

Pyelonephritis at least one year before diagnosis

< 55

7 (3.21)

34 (1.56)

2.13 (0.92-4.91)

2.16 (0.93-5.02)

60 (0.98)

3.36 (1.52-7.44)

1.87 (0.83-4.19)

> = 55

7 (1.20)

45 (0.77)

1.56 (0.70-3.46)

1.59 (0.71-3.55)

56 (0.93)

1.29 (0.59-2.85)

0.82 (0.37-1.83)

Pyelonephritis at least five years before diagnosis

< 55

6 (2.75)

25 (1.15)

2.54 (1.00-6.46)

2.60 (1.02-6.63)

39 (0.64)

4.42 (1.85-10.56)

2.45 (1.02-5.95)

> = 55

4 (0.69)

41 (0.71)

0.98 (0.35-2.72)

0.99 (0.35-2.76)

46 (0.77)

0.90 (0.32-2.50)

0.58 (0.20-1.62)

  1. The adjusted models are adjusted for smoking in the comparison to matched controls, and with gender and smoking in the comparison to chronic liver disease controls.