From: An increased risk of urinary tract infection precedes development of primary biliary cirrhosis
 |  | Matched controls. | Chronic liver disease controls | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age groups | Case (%) | Control (%) | OR (CI) | Adjusted OR (CI) | Control (%) | OR (CI) | Adjusted OR (CI) |
UTIs at least one year before diagnosis | |||||||
< 55 | 68 (31.2) | 433 (19.9) | 1.98 (1.43-2.75) | 1.97 (1.42-2.74) | 865 (14.1) | 2.76 (2.06-3.71) | 1.24 (0.91-1.68) |
> = 55 | 161 (27.7) | 1304 (22.4) | 1.36 (1.11-1.66) | 1.34 (1.10-1.64) | 1179 (19.6) | 1.56 (1.29-1.90) | 0.90 (0.74-1.10) |
UTIs at least five years before diagnosis | |||||||
< 55 | 53 (24.3) | 280 (12.9) | 2.39 (1.67-3.42) | 2.39 (1.67-3.42) | 526 (8.3) | 3.43 (2.48-4.73) | 1.61 (1.15-2.25) |
> = 55 | 97 (16.7) | 815 (14.02) | 1.25 (0.98-1.60) | 1.24 (0.97-1.58) | 755 (12.6) | 1.39 (1.10-1.75) | 0.83 (0.65-1.05) |
Pyelonephritis at least one year before diagnosis | |||||||
< 55 | 7 (3.21) | 34 (1.56) | 2.13 (0.92-4.91) | 2.16 (0.93-5.02) | 60 (0.98) | 3.36 (1.52-7.44) | 1.87 (0.83-4.19) |
> = 55 | 7 (1.20) | 45 (0.77) | 1.56 (0.70-3.46) | 1.59 (0.71-3.55) | 56 (0.93) | 1.29 (0.59-2.85) | 0.82 (0.37-1.83) |
Pyelonephritis at least five years before diagnosis | |||||||
< 55 | 6 (2.75) | 25 (1.15) | 2.54 (1.00-6.46) | 2.60 (1.02-6.63) | 39 (0.64) | 4.42 (1.85-10.56) | 2.45 (1.02-5.95) |
> = 55 | 4 (0.69) | 41 (0.71) | 0.98 (0.35-2.72) | 0.99 (0.35-2.76) | 46 (0.77) | 0.90 (0.32-2.50) | 0.58 (0.20-1.62) |