|
No
|
Mean daily gluten intake (g)
|
Duration of gluten challenge (days)
|
Small-bowel biopsy
|
Symptoms‡
|
|---|
| | | |
Vh/CrD*
|
CD3+ IELs†
| | |
|---|
| | | |
I
|
II
|
I
|
II
|
I
|
II
|
|---|
|
Moderate amounts of gluten daily
| | | | |
|
1
|
5.0
|
29
|
2.8
|
0.8
|
33
|
88
|
0
|
++
|
|
2
|
4.9
|
84
|
3.5
|
3.4
|
43
|
84
|
0
|
0
|
|
3
|
4.9
|
38
|
2.9
|
1.3
|
64
|
128
|
0
|
++
|
|
4
|
4.7
|
45
|
2.7
|
0.2
|
70
|
113
|
0
|
+
|
|
5
|
4.1
|
61
|
3.0
|
3.5
|
41
|
56
|
0
|
++
|
|
6
|
4.0
|
91
|
3.0
|
0.6
|
45
|
97
|
0
|
+
|
|
7
|
3.6
|
91
|
2.8
|
1.4
|
42
|
125
|
0
|
0
|
|
8
|
3.6
|
84
|
3.0
|
2.6
|
38
|
47
|
0
|
+
|
|
9
|
3.4
|
88
|
3.8
|
2.3
|
69
|
83
|
0
|
+
|
|
10
|
3.3
|
86
|
2.7
|
0.6
|
68
|
96
|
0
|
+
|
|
Low amounts of gluten daily
| | | | |
|
11
|
2.8
|
89
|
2.5
|
3.1
|
87
|
52
|
0
|
+
|
|
12
|
2.7
|
84
|
3.0
|
0.6
|
87
|
117
|
0
|
0
|
|
13
|
2.6
|
81
|
2.9
|
3.1
|
49
|
50
|
0
|
0
|
|
14
|
2.4
|
85
|
2.7
|
1.9
|
146
|
271
|
0
|
+
|
|
15
|
2.2
|
103
|
4.2
|
1.3
|
23
|
48
|
0
|
+
|
|
16
|
2.1
|
93
|
1.3
|
0.1
|
130
|
99
|
0
|
+
|
|
17
|
2.1
|
85
|
3.3
|
2.4
|
100
|
79
|
0
|
+
|
|
18
|
2.1
|
84
|
2.9
|
1.7
|
75
|
78
|
0
|
0
|
|
19
|
2.1
|
83
|
3.2
|
3.4
|
70
|
123
|
0
|
+
|
|
20
|
1.4
|
77
|
3.4
|
3.0
|
41
|
87
|
0
|
++
|
|
21
|
1.3
|
78
|
2.5
|
0.8
|
53
|
71
|
0
|
0
|
|
Altogether positive outcome§, n (%)
|
14 (67%)
|
14 (67%)
|
15 (71%)
|
- Clinically significant changes between baseline (I) and 12 weeks' follow-up examination (II) are marked in bold numbers. Complete challenge lasted 12 weeks (84 ± 14 days).
- * Abnormal ratio compatible with active celiac disease <2.0
- † Reference value for CD3+ IELs 37 cell/mm
- ‡ Symptoms graded as 0 = no symptoms, + = mild symptoms, ++ = moderate symptoms,
- § Positive outcome reported when clinically significant changes appeared (>0.5 decrease in Vh/CrD, >30% increase in IEL densities) or when symptoms worsened.
