Infection with HIV and HCV enhances the release of fatty acid synthase into circulation: evidence for a novel indicator of viral infection

Table 2 Metabolic profile of healthy participants and HIV-infected patients segregated according to HCV co-infection and HIV-1 viral load

		HIV-infected patients
	Control group	Non-HCV co-infected group		HCV co-infected group
	( n = 102)	VL < 40 copies/mL	VL > 40 copies/mL	VL < 40 copies/mL	VL > 40 copies/mL
		(n = 47)	(n = 29)	(n = 67)	(n = 48)
FASN, μg/L	3.36 (0.92)	5.83 (1.34) ^a	5.08 (1.74) *	12.69 (2.01) ^c	14.41 (2.91) ^c
NEFA, mmol/L	0.65 (0.04)	0.62 (0.06)	0.64 (0.06)	0.63 (0.04)	0.61 (0.05)
Glucose, mmol/L	4.96 (0.16)	5.61 (0.20) ^c	5.2 (0.14) ^b	5.42 (0.12) ^c	5.16 (0.10) ^b
Insulin, pmol/L	64.6 (6.59)	69.22 (9.68)	47.95 (6.11) ^a,*	84.40 (10.79) ^a	76.31 (11.82)
HOMA-IR	1.15 (0.20)	1.33 (0.18)	0.92 (0.14) ^a,*	1.64 (0.22) ^a	1.48 (0.25)
Cholesterol, mmol/L	5.27 (0.12)	5.52 (0.19)	5.14 (0.23)	4.74 (0.15) ^c	4.41 (0.16) ^c
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L	1.36 (0.03)	1.24 (0.09) ^a	1.15 (0.08) ^b	1.21 (0.05) ^b	1.07 (0.05) ^c, *
LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L	3.19 (0.79)	3.28 (0.17)	2.96 (0.17)	2.71 (0.13) ^c	2.38 (0.13) ^c
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1.27 (0.9)	3.00 (0.47) ^c	3.11 (1.01)	2.04 (0.18) ^c	3.24 (1.09) ^c
Apolipoprotein AI, g/L	1.69 (0.05)	1.44 (0.05) ^c	1.26 (0.04) ^c, **	1.40 (0.03) ^c	1.33 (0.04) ^c
Alanine aminotransferase, μKat/L	0.46 (0.02)	0.45 (0.03)	0.51 (0.04)	0.98 (0.11) ^c	0.97 (0.11) ^c
Aspartate aminotransferase, μKat/L	0.41 (0.02)	0.41 (0.03)	0.47 (0.08)	0.88 (0.09) ^c	0.88 (0.99) ^c

Values are the mean and the standard error of the mean (S.E.M.).
VL indicates HIV-1 viral load; HOMA-IR is homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance; NEFA is non-esterificated fatty acids.
^a P < 0.05, ^b P < 0.01 and ^c P < 0.001 with respect to control group; * P < 0.05 and ** P = 0.006 with respect to patients with VL < 40 copies/mL in the corresponding group

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