Table 5 Comparison of the three treated groups with GERD
From: The potential therapeutic effect of melatonin in gastro-esophageal reflux disease
| Â | Melatonin | Omeprazole | Melatonin and Omeprazole | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | P1 | P2 | P3 |
   A)Symptoms: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Heart burn: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
control | 0 | 0 | 0 | Â | Â | Â |
pretreatment: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   yes | 7 | 7 | 8 |  |  |  |
   duration (months) | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 |  |  |  |
4 weeks | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
8 weeks | 3(57.1%) | 2(71.4%) | 1(87.5%) | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | 0(100%) | 0(100%) | 0(100%) | Â | Â | Â |
Epigastric pain: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   -control | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |
pretreatment: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   yes | 6 | 6 | 6 |  |  |  |
   duration (months) | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 |  |  |  |
4 weeks | 3(50%) | 2(66.7%) | 1(83.3%) | Â | Â | Â |
8 weeks | 1(83%) | 0(100%) | 0(100%) | Â | Â | Â |
   B) LES Study: |  |  |  | P1 | P2 | P3 |
   1-LES pressure(mmHg) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
control | 22.8 ± 1.3 | 22.8 ± 1.3 | 22.8 ± 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
pretreatment: | 10 ± 1.58 | 10.5 ± 2.86 | 10.3 ± 1.68 | 0.65 | 0.7 | 0.86 |
4 weeks | 14.5 ± 1.58 | 10.4 ± 4.05 | 14.5 ± 1.26 | 0.006 | 0.468 | 0.002 |
8 weeks | 20.2 ± 1.56 | 10.5 ± 2.85 | 20.5 ± 1.22 | 0.000 | 0.68 | 0.000 |
   2-Residual pressure (mmHg) |  |  |  | P1 | P2 | P3 |
   - control | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.01 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
pretreatment: | 0.012 ± 0.52 | 0.1 ± 0.064 | 0.012 ± 0.44 | 0.578 | 1.00 | 0.556 |
4 weeks | 0.2 ± 0.016 | 0.2 ± 0.15 | 0.21 ± 0.016 | 1.00 | 0.198 | 0.198 |
8 weeks | 0.32 ± 0.013 | 0.1 ± 0.07 | 0.33 ± 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.08 | 0.000 |
   3-Relaxation duration (seconds) |  |  |  | P1 | P2 | P3 |
control | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
pretreatment:: | 6.8 ± 0.12 | 6.5 ± 2.74 | 6.8 ± 0.16 | 0.747 | 1.000 | 0.747 |
4 weeks | 5.9 ± 0.16 | 6.3 ± 2.7 | 5.8 ± 0.13 | 0.662 | 0.153 | 0.585 |
8 weeks | 5.3 ± 0.12 | 6.3 ± 2.65 | 5.2 ± 0.12 | 0.747 | 0.102 | 0.059 |
   4-Relaxation % |  |  |  | P1 | P2 | P3 |
control | 100 ± 0.00 | 100 ± 0.00 | 100 ± 0.00 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
pretreatment: | 86 ± 0.87 | 87.2 ± 0.17 | 85 ± 1.58 | 0.12 | 0.116 | 0.14 |
4 weeks | 90 ± 0.86 | 87.3 ± 0.25 | 90 ± 1.23 | 0.1 | 1.000 | 0.1 |
8 weeks | 100 ± 0.00 | 87.1 ± 0.1 | 100 ± 0.00 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.01 |
C) PH (at 5 cm above the LES): | Â | Â | Â | P1 | P2 | P3 |
control: | 7.8 ± 0.4 | 7.8 ± 0.4 | 7.8 ± 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
pretreatment: | 2.3 ± 0.36 | 2.1 ± 0.38 | 1.98 ± 0.37 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
4 weeks | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 0.48 | 6.1 ± 0.55 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.09 |
8 weeks | 6.7 ± 0.65 | 7.2 ± 0.32 | 7.5 ± 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.008 | 0.1 |
D) BAO(mmol/h) | Â | Â | Â | P1 | P2 | P3 |
   - control: | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
pretreatment: | 24.7 ± 0.5 | 25.1 ± 0.6 | 24.9 ± 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
4 weeks | 20.1 ± 0.4 | 17.2 ± 0.7 | 15.8 ± 0.9 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.09 |
   - 8 weeks | 16.6 ± 0.6 | 11.5 ± 0.6 | 10.2 ± 0.9 | 0.01 | 0.008 | 0.1 |
E) Serum Gastrin(pg/ml) | Â | Â | Â | P1 | P2 | P3 |
control: | 41.8 ± 7.1 | 41.8 ± 7.1 | 41.8 ± 7.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
pretreatment: | 22.1 ± 4.2 | 21.5 ± 4.6 | 21.9 ± 4.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
4 weeks | 27.2 ± 2.3 | 32.1 ± 2.1 | 33.6 ± 2.7 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 0.09 |
   - 8 weeks | 32.3 ± 2.1 | 35.9 ± 1.8 | 36.8 ± 2.1 | 0.01 | 0.008 | 0.1 |
D) Melatonin level at day time (pg/ml): | Â | Â | Â | P1 | P2 | P3 |
control | 36.1 ± 2.3 | 36.1 ± 2.3 | 36.1 ± 2.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
pretreatment: | 18.2 ± 5.54 | 18.5 ± 3.75 | 18.3 ± 3.8 | 0.1 | 0.665 | 0.472 |
4 weeks | 28.26 ± 2.26 | 19.2 ± 3.47 | 28.83 ± 1.82 | 0.000 | 0.55 | 0.000 |
8 weeks | 34.5 ± .35 | 17.9 ± 3.72 | 34.5 ± 2.35 | 0.000 | 1.00 | 0.000 |