Table 1 Means ± SD and n (%) of clinical and biological variables associated with incident diabetes, according to values of the Fatty Liver Index of < 20, 20-69, ≥ 70 at baseline; The D.E.S.I.R. Study.
From: Nine-year incident diabetes is predicted by fatty liver indices: the French D.E.S.I.R. study
Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fatty Liver Index | P-values a | Fatty Liver Index | P-values a | |||||
< 20 | 20-69 | ≥ 70 | < 20 | 20-69 | ≥ 70 | |||
n = 594 (32%) | n = 990 (53%) | n = 277 (15%) | n = 1430 (73%) | n = 445 (23%) | n = 75 (4%) | |||
Incident diabetes years 0 to 9 | 14 (2) | 69 (7) | 57 (21) | 0.0001 | 13 (1) | 30 (7) | 20 (27) | 0.0001 |
years 0 to 3 | 5 (1) | 21 (2) | 26 (10) | 0.0001 | 7 (1) | 14 (3) | 9 (13) | 0.0001 |
years 3 to 6b | 3 (1) | 18 (2) | 16 (7) | 0.0001 | 1 (0.1) | 4 (1) | 6 (10) | 0.0001 |
years6 to 9c | 6 (1) | 25 (3) | 11 (5) | 0.005 | 5 (0.3) | 10 (2) | 5 (8) | 0.0001 |
Diabetes in family | 102 (17) | 178 (18) | 59 (21) | 0.07 | 274 (19) | 104 (23) | 17 (23) | 0.1 |
Age (years) | 43 ± 10 | 48 ± 10 | 50 ± 9 | 0.0001 | 46 ± 10 | 52 ± 9 | 51 ± 9 | 0.0001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 81 ± 5 | 91 ± 6 | 102 ± 7 | 0.0001 | 72 ± 6 | 87 ± 7 | 101 ± 8 | 0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.5 ± 1.8 | 25.7 ± 2.0 | 29.6 ± 2.9 | 0.0001 | 22.2 ± 2.3 | 27.7 ± 2.9 | 33.4 ± 4.2 | 0.0001 |
Glucose (mmol/l) | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 0.0001 | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 0.0001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 0.0001 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 0.0001 |
Insulin (pmol/l) ‡ | 33 ± 14 | 49 ± 24 | 74 ± 44 | 0.0001 | 37 ± 16 | 58 ± 29 | 90 ± 44 | 0.0001 |
Menopause | 453 (32) | 251 (57) | 42 (56) | 0.7 | ||||
Large baby > 4 kg | 190 (14) | 91 (21) | 19 (27) | 0.0001 | ||||
Treatment for HTA | 15 (3) | 102 (10) | 51 (18) | 0.0001 | 105 (7) | 95 (21) | 25 (33) | 0.0001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 128 ± 12 | 135 ± 14 | 142 ± 16 | 0.0001 | 125 ± 14 | 135 ± 16 | 141 ± 18 | 0.0001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78 ± 8 | 82 ± 9 | 87 ± 10 | 0.0001 | 76 ± 8 | 82 ± 9 | 83 ± 8 | 0.0001 |
Heart rate (min) | 64 ± 10 | 66 ± 9 | 70 ± 11 | 0.0001 | 68 ± 9 | 69 ± 10 | 72 ± 12 | 0.0001 |
Treatment for lipids | 22 (4) | 90 (9) | 33 (12) | 0.005 | 75 (5) | 53 (12) | 10 (13) | 0.2 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l)d | 0.79 ± 0.30 | 1.36 ± 0.74 | 2.20 ± 1.25 | 0.0001 | 0.79 ± 0.35 | 1.30 ± 0.57 | 1.88 ± 0.81 | 0.0001 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) d | 1.64 ± 0.41 | 1.44 ± 0.35 | 1.33 ± 0.31 | 0.0001 | 1.86 ± 0.42 | 1.63 ± 0.39 | 1.47 ± 0.30 | 0.0001 |
Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.43 ± 0.85 | 5.92 ± 0.93 | 6.39 ± 1.07 | 0.0001 | 5.47 ± 0.91 | 6.01 ± 0.99 | 6.26 ± 1.02 | 0.0001 |
GGT (IU/l) d | 22.2 ± 11.4 | 40.4 ± 28.1 | 85.9 ± 76.4 | 0.0001 | 17.6 ± 10.9 | 30.8 ± 23.8 | 58.8 ± 68.3 | 0.0001 |
ALT (IU/l) d | 22.8 ± 8.5 | 32.2 ± 19.3 | 45.4 ± 25.4 | 0.0001 | 17.9 ± 8.3 | 26.4 ± 22.9 | 31.4 ± 20.7 | 0.0001 |
AST (IU/l) d | 20.4 ± 6.3 | 23.2 ± 11.0 | 27.8 ± 15.5 | 0.0001 | 17.3 ± 6.8 | 20.4 ± 13.6 | 21.4 ± 11.2 | 0.0001 |
Creatinine (μmol/l) | 87.2 ± 10.4 | 89.9 ± 11.1 | 91.1 ± 13.2 | 0.0001 | 73.7 ± 9.6 | 75.2 ± 10.8 | 78.8 ± 12.3 | 0.0001 |
White Blood Cell count (104/mm3) d | 62 ± 17 | 65 ± 17 | 66 ± 17 | 0.0001 | 61 ± 16 | 65 ± 15 | 74 ± 36 | 0.0001 |
Intense physical activity | 180 (30) | 193 (19) | 40 (14) | 0.0001 | 318 (22) | 64 (14) | 12 (16) | 0.01 |
Smoker | 155 (26) | 240 (24) | 75 (27) | 0.03 | 200 (14) | 47 (11) | 12 (16) | 0.03 |
Alcohol (g/day) | 18 ± 20 | 25 ± 22 | 36 ± 29 | 0.0001 | 7 ± 11 | 8 ± 13 | 9 ± 14 | 0.8 |
≥ 30/20g/day men/women | 143 (24) | 315 (32) | 133 (48) | 0.0001 | 363 (25) | 125 (28) | 23 (31) | 0.7 |
IDF metabolic syndrome | 0 (0) | 162 (17) | 193 (71) | 0.0001 | 23(2) | 152 (34) | 52 (69) | 0.0001 |
NAFLD Fatty Liver Score (5) | -2.34 ± 0.44 | -1.57 ± 0.89 | -0.14 ± 1.31 | 0.0001 | -2.44 ± 0.57 | -1.34 ± 1.06 | -0.13 ± 1.21 | 0.0001 |