Table 1 Seasonal variation in the onset of PUD and related complications in several countries and continents.
Disease | Author/Setting | Sample size | Source of data | Time period | Peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peptic ulcer | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Scholtyssek et al, 1986 (Germany) | 1091 | Single center | 1973 - 1983 | Autumn (Nov) |
| Â | Sonnenberg et al 1992 (U.S.A.) | Unknown | Nationwide database | Not available | Jan to Mar, Oct |
| Â | Savarino et al, 1996 (Italy) | 319 | Single center | 1987 - 1992 | Autumn (Nov-Dec) Winter (Jan-Mar) |
Hemorrhage | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Marbella et al, 1988 (U.S.A.) | 285 | Single center | 1974 - 1976 | Jan-Feb, Jul-Aug, Nov-Dec |
| Â | Tishchenko et al, 1990 (Russia) | 390 | Single center | Not available | Jan, Oct, Sept |
| Â | Shih et al, 1993 (Taiwan) | 2,889 | Single center | 1987 - 1992 | Jan - Feb |
| Â | Thomopoulos et al, 1997 (Greece) | 1,992 | Single center | 1991 - 1996 | Apr and Oct |
| Â | Tsai et al, 1998 (Taiwan) | 10,331 | Single center | 1989 - 1996 | Nov - Mar |
|  | Rodrìguez et al, 1999 (Mexico) | 275 | Single center | 1991 - 1997 | May, June, Nov |
| Â | Nomura et al, 2001 (Japan) | 441 | Single center | 1996 - 1999 | Autumn and Winter |
| Â | Lopez-Cepero et al, 2005 (Spain) | 499 | Single center | 1998 - 2001 | No seasonal variation |
Perforation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Adler et al, 1984 (Australia) | 1,187 | Hospitals of West. Australia | 1971 - 1981 | Nov - Jan |
| Â | Christensen et al, 1988 (Denmark) | 296 | 7 depts of gastrointest. surg. | 1975 - 1984 | August-September |
| Â | Bendahan et al, 1992 (Israel) | 540 | Single center | 1977 - 1986 | Nov - Feb |
| Â | Csendes et al, 1995 (Chile) | Unknown | 9 hospitals | 1980,1985,1990 | Autumn |
| Â | Yen et al, 1996 (Taiwan) | 1,787 | Single center | 1991 - 1992 | Feb-Mar |
| Â | Svanes et al, 1998 (Norway) | 1,480 | Area hospitals | 1935 - 1990 | May-Jul, Nov-Dec |
| Â | Wysocki et al, 1999 (Poland) | Unknown | Single center | 1991 - 1995 | May-Jul, Sep-Oct |
| Â | Janik & hwirot, 2000 (Poland) | 441 | Single center | 1977 - 1996 | No seasonal variation |
| Â | Budzynski et al, 2000 (Poland) | 220 | Single center | 1993 - 1997 | No seasonal variation |
| Â | Liu et al, 2003 (China) | 24,252 | 17 hospitals | 1992 - 1997 | Winter and Spring |
| Â | Kocer et al, 2006 (Turkey) | 269 | Single center | 2001 - 2004 | Winter |